電磁閥起到什么作用

電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥是(shi)用來控(kong)制(zhi)流體(ti)的(de)(de)自動(dong)化基礎元件，屬于執行器(qi)，并不限于液壓(ya)、氣動(dong)。用在工業(ye)控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)中調整(zheng)介(jie)質的(de)(de)方向(xiang)、流量、速度(du)和(he)其他的(de)(de)參數。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥是(shi)多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣(yang)的(de)(de)，就拿形態來講，它分為常(chang)(chang)開型(xing)和(he)常(chang)(chang)閉(bi)型(xing)，顧名思義（常(chang)(chang)開型(xing)：通(tong)電(dian)(dian)則(ze)(ze)關(guan)閉(bi)，斷電(dian)(dian)則(ze)(ze)打(da)開；常(chang)(chang)閉(bi)型(xing)：通(tong)電(dian)(dian)則(ze)(ze)打(da)開，斷電(dian)(dian)則(ze)(ze)關(guan)閉(bi)），當(dang)然(ran)要(yao)注意的(de)(de)一點(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥是(shi)一種(zhong)比較適合(he)多(duo)次反(fan)復(fu)開關(guan)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)閥

電(dian)磁閥屬于流體控(kong)制元(yuan)件(jian)，例如(ru)氣(qi)動與液壓(ya)領域(yu)。流體系統一般分(fen)為氣(qi)源（液壓(ya)源）元(yuan)件(jian)、控(kong)制元(yuan)件(jian)、執行元(yuan)件(jian)等。閥屬于控(kong)制元(yuan)件(jian)，而不屬于執行元(yuan)件(jian)。氣(qi)缸、液壓(ya)缸等才屬于執行元(yuan)件(jian)。

電磁(ci)閥屬于閥的其中一類(lei)，區別于手動(dong)閥或者機械閥，它的動(dong)作由電磁(ci)線(xian)圈來控制(zhi)。

電磁閥(fa)的(de)種類(lei)太多了，主要(yao)起以下作用(yong)：方向(xiang)控(kong)制(zhi)、流量控(kong)制(zhi)、壓(ya)力控(kong)制(zhi)，主要(yao)對流體系統的(de)通斷、流體的(de)流向(xiang)、壓(ya)力的(de)大小等等控(kong)制(zhi)。舉個例子，水龍頭你可以理解為一(yi)個閥(fa)，只(zhi)不過是手控(kong)的(de)。

一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都(dou)用在控制(zhi)液壓(ya)流(liu)動方向上，工廠里(li)面(mian)(mian)的(de)機械(xie)裝置(zhi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都(dou)由液壓(ya)鋼控制(zhi)，所以一(yi)(yi)定就會(hui)用到電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥．工作原理就給你說(shuo)個(ge)簡(jian)單的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥吧，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥里(li)面(mian)(mian)有個(ge)密(mi)閉(bi)的(de)腔，在的(de)不同(tong)位置(zhi)開有通孔(kong)(kong)，，每個(ge)孔(kong)(kong)都(dou)通向不同(tong)的(de)油(you)管(guan)，腔中(zhong)間是(shi)閥，兩面(mian)(mian)是(shi)兩塊(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)，哪面(mian)(mian)的(de)磁(ci)鐵(tie)線圈(quan)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)閥體(ti)就會(hui)被吸引到哪邊，通過控制(zhi)閥體(ti)的(de)移動來(lai)檔(dang)住或漏出不同(tong)的(de)排油(you)的(de)孔(kong)(kong)，而進(jin)油(you)孔(kong)(kong)是(shi)常開的(de)，這樣液壓(ya)油(you)就會(hui)進(jin)入不同(tong)的(de)排油(you)管(guan)，然后(hou)通過油(you)的(de)壓(ya)力來(lai)推動油(you)剛的(de)活(huo)塞，活(huo)塞又(you)帶動活(huo)塞桿(gan)，活(huo)塞竿帶動機械(xie)裝置(zhi)動．這樣通過控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就控制(zhi)了機械(xie)運動．

一、電磁閥主要分類

1）直動式電磁閥：

原理：通電(dian)時，電(dian)磁線(xian)圈產生電(dian)磁力把關閉件(jian)從閥座上提起，閥門打(da)開；斷(duan)電(dian)時，電(dian)磁力消失，彈簧把關閉件(jian)壓在閥座上，閥門關閉。

2）活塞式電磁閥：

原理：常閉(bi)(bi)型：當線圈(quan)通電時(shi)，先導閥芯(xin)吸(xi)合，先導孔打(da)開，閥上腔(qiang)卸(xie)壓(ya)，活(huo)塞(sai)靠(kao)下腔(qiang)介(jie)質壓(ya)力推動，電磁閥打(da)開；當線圈(quan)斷電時(shi)，先導閥芯(xin)靠(kao)彈簧復位，先導孔關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)，閥上腔(qiang)由活(huo)塞(sai)節流孔增壓(ya)和復位彈簧的推力，電磁閥關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)。

常開型：當(dang)線圈通電(dian)時(shi)，先導(dao)(dao)孔(kong)關閉，閥上腔由活(huo)塞(sai)節(jie)流孔(kong)增(zeng)壓和復位彈簧的(de)推(tui)力，電(dian)磁(ci)閥關閉。當(dang)線圈斷電(dian)時(shi)，先導(dao)(dao)閥芯靠彈簧復位，先導(dao)(dao)孔(kong)打(da)開，閥上腔卸壓，活(huo)塞(sai)靠下腔介質壓力推(tui)動，電(dian)磁(ci)閥打(da)開。

3）先導式電磁閥：

原(yuan)理：通(tong)電時，電磁力(li)把先導孔打開，上(shang)腔室壓(ya)力(li)迅速下(xia)降，在(zai)關(guan)(guan) 閉(bi)件周圍形成上(shang)低下(xia)高的壓(ya)差，流(liu)體壓(ya)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件向(xiang)上(shang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，閥(fa)(fa)門打開；斷電時，彈簧力(li)把先導孔關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)，入口壓(ya)力(li)通(tong)過旁通(tong)孔迅速腔室在(zai)關(guan)(guan)閥(fa)(fa)件周圍形成下(xia)低上(shang)高的壓(ya)差，流(liu)體壓(ya)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件向(xiang)下(xia)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)(fa)門。

二(er)、電磁閥從(cong)閥結構(gou)和材料上的不同與原(yuan)理上的區別，分(fen)為六個分(fen)支小類：直(zhi)動膜(mo)片結構(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)動膜(mo)片結構(gou)、先導膜(mo)片結構(gou)、直(zhi)動活塞(sai)結構(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)動活塞(sai)結構(gou)、先導活塞(sai)結構(gou)。

三(san)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)按照功能分類：水(shui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、制(zhi)冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)(ye)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、防(fang)爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。

根(gen)據材(cai)質(zhi)電磁閥有哪些分類？

1）不(bu)銹鋼電(dian)磁閥(fa)：是最(zui)常見的電(dian)磁閥(fa)產(chan)品，不(bu)銹鋼材(cai)質因為(wei)質量好，工作穩定，最(zui)為(wei)受(shou)用戶歡(huan)迎。 

2）黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)電磁(ci)閥：部(bu)分(fen)要求不(bu)高(gao)的用戶，會選擇(ze)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)電磁(ci)閥產品，此類電磁(ci)閥產品價(jia)格相對偏低(di)，適應于普(pu)通的工作(zuo)環境(jing)。

3）塑(su)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)：在一些特殊的(de)工作場所(suo)，和用(yong)在特殊介(jie)質的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)，例如有(you)酸堿性(xing)介(jie)質的(de)工作環境，黃銅和不銹鋼材質的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)產品均(jun)容(rong)易被腐蝕(shi)，所(suo)以用(yong)特殊材質（工程塑(su)料(liao)PVC、 CPVC、UPVC、ABS或(huo)聚四氟(fu)等）做成的(de)塑(su)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)在耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)能上特別優秀(xiu)